With Avoir:
First, avoir must be conjugated in the present tense:
j’ai nous avons
tu as vous avez
il, elle, on a ils, elles ont
then you must add a past participle! and how we made it ? ...
Regular Verbs: The past participle of regular verbs is formed by dropping
the infinitive endings and adding -é for -er verbs, -i for -ir verbs, and -u
for -re verbs:
-ER VERBS -IR VERBS -RE VERBS
aimer aimé finir fini perdre perdu
to love loved to finish finished to lose lost
The past participle usually remains the same for every subject, regardless of gender or number. Only the helping verb changes:
J’ai joué. Nous avons joué.
Tu as joué. Vous avez joué.
Il (elle, on) a joué. Ils (elles) ont joué.
Irregular Verbs: Although irregular verbs also have irregular past participles, they can be grouped according to their endings, in most cases:
• Past participles ending in -u:
avoir: eu had
boire: bu drank
connaître: connu known
croire: cru believed
devoir: dû had to, owed
lire: lu read
pleuvoir: plu rained
pouvoir: pu was able to
recevoir: reçu received
savoir: su known
voir: vu seen
vouloir: voulu wanted
• Past participles ending in -is:
mettre mis put (on)
prendre pris took
• Past participles ending in -it:
conduire conduit driven, drove
dire dit said, told
écrire écrit written, wrote
• Irregular past participles:
être été been
faire fait made, done
offrir offert offered
ouvrir ouvert opened
PASSÉ COMPOSÉ WITH ÊTRE
The passé composé of 17 verbs is formed by combining the present tense of être and the past participle of the verb:
devenir (to become): devenu revenir (to come back): revenu
mourir (to die): mort retourner (to return): retourné
sortir (to go out): sorti venir (to come): venu
arriver (to arrive): arrivé naître (to be born):né
descendre (to descend): descendu entrer (to enter): entré
rentrer (to return): rentré tomber (to fall): tombé
rester (to remain): resté aller (to go): allé
monter (to go up): monté partir (to leave): parti
passer (to pass by): pass
FORMING THE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ WITH ÊTRE:
Unlike verbs that use avoir as their helping verb, verbs that use être have past participles that agree in number (singular or plural [add s]) and gender (masculine or feminine [add e]) with the subject noun or pronoun. Note how the past participle differs with different subjects:
Masculine Subjects Feminine Subjects Meaning
je suis arrivé je suis arrivée I (have) arrived
tu es arrivé tu es arrivée you (have) arrived
il est arrivé elle est arrivée he/she (has) arrived
nous sommes arrivés nous sommes arrivées we (have) arrived
vous êtes arrivé(s) vous êtes arrivée(s) you (have) arrived
ils sont arrivés elles sont arrivées they (have) arrived
• Note that vous can be a singular or plural subject for both masculine and feminine subjects.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Vous êtes parti. Vous êtes partis.
Vous êtes partie. Vous êtes parties.
• For a mixed group, always use the masculine form.
Jean et Marc sont venus.
Marie et Anne sont venues.
Jean et Marie sont venus.
SPECIAL VERBS
The verbs descendre, monter, passer, rentrer, retourner, and sortir are listed as verbs that use être as their helping verb, because this is generally the case. They may, however, take avoir as their helping verb when they are used with a direct object. A direct object answers what or whom the subject is acting upon. Notice how the meaning of these verbs changes depending on the helping verb that is used and how there is number and/or gender agreement with être but not with avoir:
Il est descendu du bus. He got off the bus.
Il a descendu l’escalier. He went downstairs.
Il a descendu ses bagages. He took his bags downstairs.
Elle est montée dans sa chambre. She went up to her room.
Elle a monté l’escalier. She went upstairs.
Elle a monté sa valise. She took her suitcase upstairs.
Tu es passé(e) chez Luc. You passed by Luke’s house.
Tu as passé un mois en France. You spent a month in France.
Je suis rentré(e) tôt. I came home early.
J’ai rentré les chaises de jardin. I brought in the garden chairs.
Elle est retournée à Paris. She returned to Paris.
Elle a retourné la robe. She returned the dress.
Elles sont sorties hier soir. They went out last night.
Elles ont sorti leur argent. They took out their money.
First, avoir must be conjugated in the present tense:
j’ai nous avons
tu as vous avez
il, elle, on a ils, elles ont
then you must add a past participle! and how we made it ? ...
Regular Verbs: The past participle of regular verbs is formed by dropping
the infinitive endings and adding -é for -er verbs, -i for -ir verbs, and -u
for -re verbs:
-ER VERBS -IR VERBS -RE VERBS
aim
to love loved to finish finished to lose lost
The past participle usually remains the same for every subject, regardless of gender or number. Only the helping verb changes:
J’ai joué. Nous avons joué.
Tu as joué. Vous avez joué.
Il (elle, on) a joué. Ils (elles) ont joué.
Irregular Verbs: Although irregular verbs also have irregular past participles, they can be grouped according to their endings, in most cases:
• Past participles ending in -u:
avoir: eu had
boire: bu drank
connaître: connu known
croire: cru believed
devoir: dû had to, owed
lire: lu read
pleuvoir: plu rained
pouvoir: pu was able to
recevoir: reçu received
savoir: su known
voir: vu seen
vouloir: voulu wanted
• Past participles ending in -is:
mettre mis put (on)
prendre pris took
• Past participles ending in -it:
conduire conduit driven, drove
dire dit said, told
écrire écrit written, wrote
• Irregular past participles:
être été been
faire fait made, done
offrir offert offered
ouvrir ouvert opened
PASSÉ COMPOSÉ WITH ÊTRE
The passé composé of 17 verbs is formed by combining the present tense of être and the past participle of the verb:
devenir (to become): devenu revenir (to come back): revenu
mourir (to die): mort retourner (to return): retourné
sortir (to go out): sorti venir (to come): venu
arriver (to arrive): arrivé naître (to be born):né
descendre (to descend): descendu entrer (to enter): entré
rentrer (to return): rentré tomber (to fall): tombé
rester (to remain): resté aller (to go): allé
monter (to go up): monté partir (to leave): parti
passer (to pass by): pass
FORMING THE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ WITH ÊTRE:
Unlike verbs that use avoir as their helping verb, verbs that use être have past participles that agree in number (singular or plural [add s]) and gender (masculine or feminine [add e]) with the subject noun or pronoun. Note how the past participle differs with different subjects:
Masculine Subjects Feminine Subjects Meaning
je suis arrivé je suis arrivée I (have) arrived
tu es arrivé tu es arrivée you (have) arrived
il est arrivé elle est arrivée he/she (has) arrived
nous sommes arrivés nous sommes arrivées we (have) arrived
vous êtes arrivé(s) vous êtes arrivée(s) you (have) arrived
ils sont arrivés elles sont arrivées they (have) arrived
• Note that vous can be a singular or plural subject for both masculine and feminine subjects.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Vous êtes parti. Vous êtes partis.
Vous êtes partie. Vous êtes parties.
• For a mixed group, always use the masculine form.
Jean et Marc sont venus.
Marie et Anne sont venues.
Jean et Marie sont venus.
SPECIAL VERBS
The verbs descendre, monter, passer, rentrer, retourner, and sortir are listed as verbs that use être as their helping verb, because this is generally the case. They may, however, take avoir as their helping verb when they are used with a direct object. A direct object answers what or whom the subject is acting upon. Notice how the meaning of these verbs changes depending on the helping verb that is used and how there is number and/or gender agreement with être but not with avoir:
Il est descendu du bus. He got off the bus.
Il a descendu l’escalier. He went downstairs.
Il a descendu ses bagages. He took his bags downstairs.
Elle est montée dans sa chambre. She went up to her room.
Elle a monté l’escalier. She went upstairs.
Elle a monté sa valise. She took her suitcase upstairs.
Tu es passé(e) chez Luc. You passed by Luke’s house.
Tu as passé un mois en France. You spent a month in France.
Je suis rentré(e) tôt. I came home early.
J’ai rentré les chaises de jardin. I brought in the garden chairs.
Elle est retournée à Paris. She returned to Paris.
Elle a retourné la robe. She returned the dress.
Elles sont sorties hier soir. They went out last night.
Elles ont sorti leur argent. They took out their money.
Bonjour!
ReplyDeleteTres bien
Bien que tu disse , je te dis un erreur !
A la titre francaise : ce n'est pas correct de dire : the passe compose
Le passe compose est correct
:))
ReplyDeleteMerci pour votre attention. Je vais la corriger maintenant.